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Goals
The goals of management can be divided into three stages: 1.short term, involving immediate treatment to relieve symptoms such as polydipsia, polyuria, or acute infections; 2. intermediate,to return the patient to a physiologic state and a social life that are as normal as possible; and 3. long term, to prevent the development or to delay the progression of the complications of diabetes. People diagnosed with this chronic disease experience a whole range of emotions including denial, anger, guilt, and depression, and most require some form of psychological support.
The cornerstones of comprehensive diabetes management plan include patient education, healthy nutrition, weight con-trol, physical activity, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SM-BG), and hypoglycemic agents when necessary. Patient edu-cation aims to empower patients by equipping them with the necessary knowledge about diabetes and self-management skills with which to make meaningful decisions about their health on a daily basis. Patient treatment needs to be individualized to specific medical, psychosocial, and lifestyle issues.