Heart Qi: Refers to the energetic forces of the heart, and it is this qi that makes the blood flow. Heart qi is the driving force of the heart's strength, rate, and rhythm and keeps it beating. According to a Chinese medical text, Simple Questions, "If heart qi is strong, the blood vessels will be in a good state and the pulse will be full and regular."

Heart Yin: Refers to the vital essence and material structures of the heart, including the heart blood. The heart yin is the calming, passive aspect and is the opposite of heart yang. However, it counterbalances the heart yang to ensure proper heart function.

Heart Blood: Refers not only to the western meaning of blood but includes nutrition and nourishment. The outward manifestation of this is the face, particularly the complexion. The heart distributes blood to the entire body, especially to the face, since the face is rich in blood vessels. As mentioned in Nei Jing, "If the heart blood is abundant, the face will have a normal reddish (rosy) complexion and will be moist and bright. If the heart blood is insufficient, the face will be pale and without luster. If the heart blood is stagnant and blocked, the face may be purplish with blue lips."

Heart Yang: Refers to its vital and dynamic function, the lively and expansive aspect of the heart which includes the heart qi. Heart yang complements heart yin and leads to a healthy heart. Heart yang is prone to coldness, especially in the elderly, and explains why elderly cardiac patients tend not to do well in colder climates. External cold can invade the chest, obstructing the circulation of yang. Patients with weak hearts are more likely to experience cold invading the body and causing chest pain. It is said in another Chinese medical text titled Methods and Rules of Medicine that "In chest obstruction pain of the heart region is caused by yang deficiency and invasion of cold."

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