Time: 21st, Nov 2005

Place: Guilin International Intercommunion Center of Chinese Medical Culture

Quantity: 18 people

Countries: France &Italy

Content:

General Description

Hypertension, also known as essential hypertension, is clinical syndrome marked by elevated arterial pressure in the systematic circulation. It is an independent disease manifested mainly as the elevation of the blood pressure with unidentified cause.

Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease with approximately 100 million of hypertensive patients in China. It may lead to severe complication of the heart, brain and kidneys and it is one of the risk factors for stroke, coronary heart disease and renal insufficiency. Hypertension can be classified into benign hypertension and accelerated hypertension according to the urgency and the duration and the latter is also known as malignant hypertension with unfavorable prognosis.

According to its clinical manifestations, this disease falls into the categories of "xuan yun" (vertigo), "tou tong" (headache), "gan yang" (liver yang) and "gan feng" (liver wind) in TCM. The causes of hypertension are mainly emotional disorders, improper diet, prolonged illness and overstrain. Its pathogenesis includes deficiency of liver yin and kidney yin or deficiency of yin and yang, hyperactivity of liver yang, accumulation of turbid phlegm and obstruction of collaterals by blood stasis. In female patients it is related to disorders of conception and thoroughfare vessels. The location of the disease is at the liver, kidney and heart, with incoordination between yin and yang as the principal aspect and wind, fire, phlegm or stasis as the secondary aspect. Pathogenically, it is mainly a case of principal deficiency and secondary excess, deficiency with concomitant excess. For the young, the middleaged and new patients, their cases are mostly attributed to excess syndrome; and for the old and prolonged patients, their cases chiefly attributed to principal deficiency and secondary excess.

Essentials for Diagnosis
(1) Hypertension has a gradual onset often with no symptom at the early stage, manifested as dizziness, headache, blurred vision, tinnitus, insomnia and lassitude in some cases.

(2) Upon physical examination, the aortic second sound is accentuated and in elderly cases, metallic sound may be heard. Besides, there may be the fourth heart soumd and aortic early systolic ejection sound. In a case with prolonged hypertension, there appears left ventricular hypertrophy.

(3) Accelerated (malignant) hypertension progresses rapidly with a persistent DP greater than 17.3 kPa (130 mmHg), usually manifested as fundus bleeding or exudation, or edema of the optic disc. There may appear severe damage to the heart, brain and kidneys in a short time and even death.

(4) Routine urine examination: usually normal at the early stage, but when renal function is impaired, protein, erythrocyte, and cast, in occassional cases, may be found in the urine and the concentration of creatinine may increase

(5) Chest Xray may reflect the appearance and size of the heart, the change of the width and density (calcification) of the aorta. Echocardiogram is a reliable means to evaluate hypertrophy of the left ventricular. Besides electrocardiogram discloses the involvement of the heart (left ventricular hypertrophy, strain, ischemia and infarction) and arrhythmia, which are caused by high blood pressure.

Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment

Wind, fire, phlegm and blood stasis are the secondary aspect while deficiency of the liver and kidneys is the principal aspect. In clinical practice, cases of the deficiency type are more than those of the excess type; yin deficiency is more often seen than yang deficiency. General-ly, hyperactivity of yang is the secondary aspect and deficiency of yin is the principal aspect. However, in the course of the disease, hyperactivity of yang is concurrent with deficiency of yin, with predominance of hyperactivity of yang or with predominance of deficiency of yin and associated with liver wind, turbid phlegm and blood stasis. Therefore, the theraputic principle should primarily aim at nourishing yin and calming the liver and different methods like calming wind, clearing away fire, resolving phlegm and removing blood stasis, should be used accordingly.

A. Hyperactivity of Liver Yang

Chief Manifestations: Distending pain of head and eyes, dizziness, flushed face, red eyes, restlessness, irritability, tinnitus, deafness, bitter taste, deep yellow urine, constipation, dry red tongue with thick, yellow coating or greasy, yellow coating, wiry, rapid and forceful pulse.

Therapeutic Methods: To calm the liver, suppress yang, clear away heat and reduce fire.

Prescription: Ginseng, Rhizoma Rehmanniae Praeparata, Rhizoma Alismatis, Poria, etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Multi-Functional Tonic Pills to Invigorate Yin

Prescription: Cortex eucommiae,radix salviae miltiorrhizae, stigma maydis, spica prunellae,etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Hypertension Tablets

Prescription: Radix Notoginseng, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Fructus Lycii, Rhizoma Discoreae, etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Detox/Purify Capsules

This three kinds of pills can help you to Nourishing the liver and kidney, boosting the immune system, promoting the blood circulation, improving the physical condition and metabolism, reducing toxic substances, detoxifying the body. Restoring the balance of Yin and Yang, softening the blood vessel, clearing away the excessive fat on the wall of the blood vessel, preventing complications like arteriosclerosis and stroke etc.

B. Yin Deficiency Causing Hyperactivity of Yang

Chief Manifestations: Headache, dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision, heaviness of the head, palpitation, insomnia, restlessness, dreamfulness, soreness and weakness of loins and knees, dry throat and mouth, red tongue with little coating or yellow, thin coating, wiry, thready and rapid pulse.

Therapeutic Methods: To nourish yin and calm the liver.

Prescription: Ginseng, Rhizoma Rehmanniae Praeparata, Rhizoma Alismatis, Poria, etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Multi-Functional Tonic Pills to Invigorate Yin

Prescription: Cortex Eucommiae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Stigma Maydis, Spica Prunellae,etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Hypertension Tablets

This two kinds of pills can help you to Nourishing the liver and kidney, boosting the immune system, promoting the blood circulation, improving the physical condition and metabolism, restoring the balance of Yin and Yang, softening the blood vessel, clearing away the excessive fat on the wall of the blood vessel, preventing complications like arteriosclerosis and stroke etc.

C. Retention of Phlegm Damp in the Body

Chief Manifestations: Dizziness, headache, heaviness of the head with a feeling that the head is tightly wrapped, abdominal distention, poor appetite, nausea, palpitation, edema, weak limbs, white and greasy or yellow and greasy tongue coating, thready and smooth pulse.

Therapeutic Methods: To resolve phlegm and calm wind.

Prescription: Cortex Eucommiae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Stigma Maydis, Spica Prunellae,etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Hypertension Tablets

Prescription: Radix Peucedani, Semen Armeniace Amarum, Herba Ephedrae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae, etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Anti-Asthma Pills

This two kinds of pills can help you to Ventilating the lung and relieving cough, expelling phlegm and relieving asthma,Restoring the balance of Yin and Yang, softening the blood vessel, clearing away the excessive fat on the wall of the blood vessel, preventing complications like arteriosclerosis and stroke etc.

D. Deficiency of Both Yin and Yang

Chief Manifestations:Dizziness,soreness and weakness of the loins and legs, deafness, tinnitus, palpitation,insomnia,short breath on exertion, cold and numb limbs, nocturia, cold feeling of external genitals, impotence, pale tongue with no coating, thready and weak pulse or slowirregular and intermittent pulse.
Therapeutic Methods:To replenish yin and assist yang.

Prescription: Ginseng, Rhizoma Rehmanniae Praeparata, Rhizoma Alismatis, Poria, etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Multi-Functional Tonic Pills to Invigorate Yin

Prescription: Ginseng, Rhizoma Rehmanniae Praeparata, Rhizoma Alismatis, Poria, etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Pills to Invigorate Yang

Prescription: Cortex Eucommiae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Stigma Maydis, Spica Prunellae,etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Hypertension Tablets

This three kinds of pills help you to adjust the balance of Yin and Yang first, Nourishing the liver and kidney, boosting the immune system, promoting the blood circulation, improving the physical condition and metabolism, strengthening the body, benefiting the vital energy and promoting the production of body fluid, improving sexual endurance. softening the blood vessel, clearing away the excessive fat on the wall of the blood vessel, preventing complications like arteriosclerosis and stroke etc.

E. Incoordination of Thoroughfare and Conception Vessels

Chief Manifestations: Dizziness, headache, restlessness, insomnia, tinnitus, irritability, feverish sensation in the palms and soles, amnesia, shortness of breath, irregular menstruation, red tongue with thin coating, wiry and thready pulse.

Therapeutic Methods: To regulate and nourish the thoroughfare and conception vessels.

Prescription: Ginseng, Rhizoma Rehmanniae Praeparata, Rhizoma Alismatis, Poria, etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Multi-Functional Tonic Pills to Invigorate Yin

Prescription: Cortex Eucommiae, Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Stigma Maydis, Spica Prunellae,etc.

Chinese Patent Drugs: Hypertension Tablets

This two kinds of pills can help you to Nourishing the liver and kidney, boosting the immune system, promoting the blood circulation, improving the physical condition and metabolism, restoring the balance of Yin and Yang, softening the blood vessel, clearing away the excessive fat on the wall of the blood vessel, preventing complications like arteriosclerosis and stroke etc.