The theory of the meridian is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine. This theory studies the physiological and pathological relationship between the meridians and viscera.
The meridian theory was formulated through the long-term medical practice of ancient doctors, and is based upon the accumulation of experiences in acupuncture and moxibustion, massage, qi gong, etc., in combination with anatomical knowledge. The meridian theory is not only the basic theory behind these arts, but is of great significance in guiding various clinical subjects of TCM. Only by combining the basic theories such as the visceral manifestation theory, qi-blood-fluid theory, and theory of etiology, the theory of meridian can a complete explanation of the physiological functions and pathologic changes be attained, thereby guiding the diagnosis and treatment. A common phrase exemplifies this: "If one does not read the twelve meridians, one will make mistakes while inquiring and treating" (Elementary Medicine).
The Concept and Composition of the Meridians
The Concept of the Meridians
Meridians are pathways in which the qi and blood circulate and through which the viscera and limbs are connected, allowing the upper-lower and interior-exterior portions of the body to communicate.
The book Elementary Medicine states that "The meridian means 'pathway', while
the branches separating from the meridians are called collaterals." This explains that the meridians form the main trunk, while the collaterals represent the branches. Most of the meridians run through the deep portions of the body. Their collaterals go in shallower portion, some of which are exposed on the body as Chapter l0 in Spirit Pivot states: " The twelve regular meridians run deeply in the boundary between muscles and interior1y within the body¡the collaterals run closer to the surface of the body, and are more easily seen." Meridians run in straight fixed courses, while collaterals crisscross in the body, forming a network and linking-up the iscera, organs, orifices, skins, muscles, tendons and bones into an organic whole.
