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Location: This is 1 cun anterior to pericardium acupoint (Fig. 2-27).
Indications: Hypertension, psychosis, high fever with coma, stroke with aphasia, emission of sperm, and insomnia.
(30) Pain-controlling acupoint (EX-PF 30) :
Location: This is 1 cun medial to No. 11 acupoint (Fig. 2-27).
Indications: Lumbago, acute and chronic gastroenteritis, and dysmenorrhea.
(31) Urinary bladder acupoint (EX-PF 31):
Location: This is 5 fen posterior to No. 11 acupoint (Fig. 2-27).
Indications: Retention of urine, nasal bleeding, nasal obstruction, and tinnitus.
(32) Liver acupoint (EX-PF 32) :
Location: This is 1 cun anterior to lung acupoint (Fig. 2-27).
Indications: Hernia with pain, testitis or pain of testis, hypertension, psychosis, high fever with coma, convulsions in children, stroke with aphasia, emission of sperm, headache, and redness, swelling and pain of eye.
(33) Kidney acupoint (EX-PF 33) :
Location: This is 1 cun lateral to liver acupoint (Fig. 2-27).
Indications: Hernia with pain, testitis, hypertension, high fever with coma, convulsions in children, stroke with aphasia, cough, pain in flank, retention of urine, emission of sperm, toothache, osteomyelitis of maxillary bone, headache, and red-ness, swelling and pain of eye.
(34) Gallbladder acupoint ( EX-PF 34) :
Location: This is 5 fen anterior to No. II acupoint (Fig. 2-27).
Indications: Hypertension, high fever with coma, convulsions in children, cough, pain in flank, and tinnitus.
(35) Three Ludi acupoints (EX-PF 35) :
Location: These are on the plantar side of foot, and the middle acupoint is 1.5 cun anterior to the cross point of a connecting line of tips of both malleoli and midline of sole, and the other two acupoints are 5 fen from and beside the middle one (Fig. 2-28).
Indications: High fever, headache, tinnitus, stomachache, pain of spleen and liver, constipation, abdominal distension, enteritis, dysentery, ascites, edema, mastitis, and paralysis.
(36) Aigen 1 acupoint (EX-PF 36) :
Location : On the plantar side of foot, at the 1st tarsometatarsal joint, one finger width medial to dorsoplantar boundary of foot and at the lateral border of flexor muscle of big toe (Fig. 2-28).
Indications: Cancer of esophagus, stomach, and liver;
Fig. 2-28 Extra acupoints on plantar side of foot
1-Aigen 1 2-Aigen 2 3-Aigen 3 4-medial Ququan 5-Quanding 6-Quanzhong7-Quangen 8-three Ludi 9-Sibai at heel 10-lateral Ququan.
metastatic cancer in lymph nodes, and chronic granulocytic leukemia.
(37) Aigen 2 acupoint (EX-PF 37) :
Location: On the plantar side of foot, posterior to the tarsometatarsal joint of big toe and one finger width medial to dorsoplantar boundary of foot (Fig. 2-28).
Indications: Cancer of esophagus, rectum and cervix of uterus; and metastatic cancer of lymph nodes.
(38) Aigen 3 acupoint (EX-PF 38) :
Location: On the plantar side of foot, at the talometatarsal
joint and one finger width medial to dorsoplantar boundary (Fig. 2-28).
Indications: Cancer of liver, nasopharynx, and breast.
(39) Quangen acupoint ( EX-PF 39) :
Location: On the plantar side of foot, 1.5 cun posterior to midpoint of a connecting line between the tip of 2nd toe and midpoint of posterior heel border (Fig. 2-28).
Indications: Mental diseases, hysteria, and leg spasms.
(40) Quanzhong acupoint (EX-PF 40) :
Location: On the plantar side of foot, 1 cun anterior to Quangen acupoint (EX-PF 39) along the line connecting tip of 2nd toe and midpoint of posterior heel border (Fig. 2-28).
Indications: Mental diseases, hysteria, leg spasms, and mania.
(41) Quanding acupoint (EX-PF 41) :
Location: On the plantar side of foot, 1 cun anterior to the junction of anterior two-fifths and posterior three-fifths of a line connecting the tip of 2nd toe and midpoint of posterior heel border (Fig. 2-28).
Indications: Hysteria, mental diseases, leg spasms, and mania.
(42) Sibai acupoint at heel (EX-PF 42) :
Location: On the plantar side of foot, at the junction of the midline of sole and a line drawn from the midpoint of a connecting line between the tip of lateral malleolus and heel tendon (Fig. 2-28).
Indications: Prolapse of anus, bed-wetting, headache, convulsions in children, hemiplegia, cerebrospinal meningitis, foot drop, and regurgitation of milk in babies.
(43) Medial and lateral Ququan acupoints (EX-PF 43) :
Location: They are on the plantar side of foot. A horizontal line is drawn 3 cun anterior to Sibai acupoint at heel (EX-PF 42), the junction of this line with medial bordor of sole is the medial Ququan acupoint, and the junction of this line with later-al border of sole is the lateral Ququan acupoint (Fig. 2-28).
Indications: Talipes valgus, talipes varus, and paralysis of legs.
3) Holographic points and reflecting areas:
Fig. 2-29 Holographic points on plantar side of foot
1-head 2-neck 3-arm 4-lung and heart 5-liver 6-stomach 7-duodenum 8-kidney 9-waist 10-lower abdomen ll-leg 12-foot.
(1) Biological holographic points:
The arrangement of holographic points on the sole is similar to those on the hand, and the holographic points on the 1st metatarsal bone are commonly used in clinical practice. The holographic points between the 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones are more sensitive and may be selected for use according to the disease and the condition of the patient. (Fig. 2-29).
(2) Holographic reflecting areas:
Fig. 2-30 Holographic reflecting areas on plantar side of foot
1-shoulder 2-ear 3-eye 4-brain 5-lung 6-lymphatic system (upper body to lower body) 7-liver and gallbladder 8-chest 9-cancer 10-heart 11-kidney 12-stomach 13-spinal column (cervical to lumbar and sacral region) 14-intestine 15-pancreas 16-arinary bladder 17-face 18-reproduction 19-anus
The holographic reflecting areas (Fig. 2-30) are the most important locations for applying massage therapy. They may be used as the principal location of treatment in combination with other acupoints or used independently. The maps of holographic reflecting areas drawn by different physicians vary, although most of them produce similarly good therapeutic results. Beginners may obtain good therapeutic results if they select one of the better holographic maps, but of course qualified physicians with rich knowledge and clinical experience will in any case be able to correctly select the holographic reflecting areas and produce much better therapeutic results.
The holographic reflecting areas have drawn the attention of many investigators, and an international organization has been set up for the exchange of information and experience, al-though profound scientific research has yet to be carded out and still awaits scholars talented enough to do just that.
4. Distribution of acupoints on dorsal side of foot:
There are 32 regular acupoints, 31 extra acupoints and 19 holographic points and reflecting areas on the dorsal side of the foot.
1) Regular acupoints:
(1) Rangu (KI 2):
Location: In a depression on the anteroinferior border of navicular bone (Fig. 2-31).
Indications: Irregular menstruation, hemoptysis, emission of sperm, prolapse of uterus, tetanus in newborn babies, diabetes mellitus, swelling in dorsum of foot, diseases of throat, heart and lungs, lockjaw, and tetanus.
(2) Taixi (KI 3):
Location: In a depression between medial malleolus and heel tendon (Fig. 2-31).
Indications: Toothache, tinnitus, diabetes mellitus, sore throat, hemoptysis, irregular menstruation, lumbago, frequent urination, insomnia, asthma, angina pectoris, emission of sperm, impotence, nephritis, alopecia, and cystitis.
Fig. 2-31 Acupoints on kidney meridian on foot
1-Rangu ( KI 2 ) 2-Taixi ( KI 3 ) 3-Dazhong ( KI 4 ) 4-Shuiquan ( KI 5 ) 5-Zhaohai (KI 6)
(3) Dazhong ( KI 4) :
Location: This is 0.5 cun below and slightly posterior to Taixi (KI 3) and on the anterior border of heel tendon (Fig. 2-31).
Indications: Difficult urination, constipation, heel pain, dementia, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, toothache, stranguria, spasms of uterus, and lumbar neuralgia.
(4) Shuiquan (KI 5):
Location : In a depression on the anterior upper part of me-dial surface of calcaneal tuberosity and 1 curl directly below Taixi (KI 3) (Fig. 2-31).
Indications: Myopia, irregular menstruation, prolapse of uterus, and difficult urination.
(5) Zhaohai ( KI 6) :
Location: In a depression below the lower border of medial malleolus (Fig. 2-31).
Indications: Dryness in throat, irregular menstruation, prolapse of uterus, abnormal leukorrhea, retention of urine, insomnia, epilepsy, and hysteria.
(6) Yinbai ( SP 1):
Location: This is 0.1 cun beside the medial corner of nail of big toe (Fig. 2-32).
Fig. 2-32 Acupoints on spleen meridian on foot
1-Yinbai (SP 1) 2-Dadu (SP 2) 3-Taibai (SP 3) 4-Gongsun (SP 4) 5-Shangqiu (SP 5)
Indications: Abdominal distension, profuse menstrual discharge, psychosis, acute enteritis, digestive tract bleeding, chronic convulsions, and insomnia with many dreams.
(7) Dadu ( SP 2):
Location: On the medial side of big toe, on the anterior border of 1st metacarpophalangeal joint and on the dorsoplantar boundary of the foot (Fig. 2-32).
Indications: Abdominal distension, stomachache, vomiting, diarrhea, febrile diseases without sweating, chest distress, heaviness of body, pain in bones, irritability, convulsions in children, and cold limbs.
(8) Taibai (SP 3):
Location: On the posterior border of the capitulum of 1st metatarsal bone and on the dorsoplantar boundary of the foot (Fig. 2-32).
Indications: Abdominal distension, stomachache, vomiting, diarrhea, heaviness of body, indigestion of food, distension of chest and flank, increased abdominal gurgling, dysentery, constipation, neuralgia and paralysis of lower limbs, and soreness and pains in waist and thigh.
(9) Gongsun (SP 4) :
Location: On the anterior border of base of 1st metatarsal bone and on the dorsoplantar boundary of the foot (Fig. 2-32).
Indications: Stomachache, vomiting, indigestion, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dysentery, epilepsy, and various urogenital diseases.
(10) Shangqiu (SP 5):
Location: In a depression 5 fen anterior to and below me-dial malleolus (Fig. 2-32).
Indications: Increased intestinal gurgling, abdominal distension, diarrhea, jaundice, indigestion, pain in foot and ankle, convulsions in children, hysteria, and stiff tongue.
(11) Dadun ( LR 1 ) :
Location: This is 0.1 cun beside the lateral corner of nail of big toe (Fig. 2-33).
Indications: Hernia, redness, swelling and pain in eye, profuse uterine bleeding, prolapse of uterus, incontinence of urine, eczema of scrotum, and constipation.
Fig. 2-33 Acupoints on liver meridian on foot
1-Dadun (LR 1) 2-Xingjian (LR 2) 3-Taichong (LR 3) 4-Zhongfeng (LR 4)
(12) Xingjian (LR 2):
Location: At the tip of a crease between 1st and 2nd metatarsophalangeal joints (Fig. 2-33).
Indications: Parietal headache, pain in flank, hernia with pain, night blindness, deviation of mouth, epilepsy, irregular menstruation, pain in urethra, incontinence of urine, difficult urination, constipation, hernia, irritability due to fever, insomnia, and knee joint pain.
(13) Taichong ( LR 3) :
Location: In a depression anterior to the junction of 1st and 2nd metatarsal bones (Fig. 2-33).
Indications: Diseases of liver and gallbladder, hypertension, hernia, profuse uterine bleeding, epilepsy, insomnia, vertigo, parietal headache, red eye, deviation of mouth, pain in flank, convulsions in children, difficult urination, and thrombocytopenia.
(14) Zhongfeng (LR 4) :
Location: This is 1 cun anterior to medial malleolus and on the medial border of anterior tibial muscle (Fig. 2-33).
Indications: Hernia with pain, emission of sperm, anuresis, pain in penis, hepatitis, and ankle joint pain.
(15) Jiexi (ST 41) :
Location: At the midpoint of dorsal crease of ankle joint and between the tendons of long extensor muscle of big toe and long extensor muscle of other toes (Fig. 2-34).
Fig. 2-34 Acupoints on stomach meridian on foot
1-Jiexi (ST 41) 2-Chongyang (ST 42) 3-Xian'gu (ST 43) 4-Neiting (ST 44)
5-Lidui (ST 45)
Indications: Headache, epilepsy, leg paralysis and pain, pain in ankle joint, indigestion, frontal headache, vertigo, abdominal distension with gas, enteritis, constipation, edema, and nephritis.
(16) Chongyang (ST 42) :
Location: On the dome of foot dorsum in the interosseous space and 1.5 cun behind Jiexi (ST 41) (Fig. 2-34).
Indications: Deviation of mouth and eye, toothache, poor appetite, vomiting, trigeminal neuralgia, facial palsy, hardness and distension of abdomen, swelling and pain of foot dorsum, and psychosis.
(17) Xian'gu (ST 43):
Location: In a depression anterior to the conjuction of 2nd and 3rd metatarsal bones (Fig. 2-34).
Indications: Increase of intestinal gurgling, abdominal pain, pain in leg and foot, swelling and pain in foot dorsum, facial swelling, conjunctivitis, and edema.
(18) Neiting (ST 44) :
Location: At the tip of a crease between 2nd and 3rd metatarsophalangeal joints and slightly anterior to them (Fig. 2-34).
Indications: Toothache, deviation of mouth, abdominal distension, dysentery, febrile diseases, trigeminal neuralgia, sore throat, nasal bleeding, stomachache, diarrhea, indigestion, pain in tarsal joints, foot swelling and pain, and hernia with pain.
(19) Lidui (ST 45):
Location: This is 0.1 cun beside the lateral corner of nail of 2nd toe (Fig. 2-34).
Indications: Pain in heart and abdomen, epilepsy, schizophrenia, sore throat, gingivitis, insomnia with many dreams, facial swelling, facial palsy, febrile diseases, and nasal bleeding.
(20) Qiuxu ( GB 40) :
Location: In a depression at the anteroinferior side of later-al malleolus and lateral to long extensor muscle of toes (Fig. 2-35).
Fig. 2-35 Acupoints on gallbladder meridian on foot
1-Qiuxu (GB 40) 2-Zulinqi (GB 41) 3-Diwuhui (GB 42) 4-Xiaxi (GB 43) 5-Zuqiaoyin (GB 44)
Indications: Biliary colic, migraine, stiff neck, pain in chest and flank, malaria, leg paralysis, sciatic neuralgia, beriberi, hernia with pain, pain in neck and nape, and swelling and pain in ankle joint.
(21) Zulinqi (GB 41):
Location: In a depression anterior to the junction of 4th and 5th metatarsal bones and lateral to extensor muscle of little toe (Fig. 2-35).
Indications: Eye diseases, deafness, migraine, pain in chest and flank, biliary tract diseases, malaria, foot paralysis, foot spasms and pain, redness and swelling over tarsal bones, mastiffs and tuberculosis of cervical lymph nodes.
(22) Diwuhui ( GB 42) :
Location : At the anterior part of foot dorsum, in a depression posterior to the junction of 4th and 5th tarsometatarsal joints (Fig. 2-35).
Indications: Rheumatic pain, swelling and pain in foot dorsum, redness and pain in eye, hemoptysis, mastiffs, and swelling and pain in axillary pit.
(23) Xiaxi (GB 43):
Location: On the dorsum of foot and at the tip of a crease between 4th and 5th toes (Fig. 2-35).
Indications: Eye diseases, tinnitus, deafness, swelling of cheek, pain in chest and flank, febrile diseases, swelling and pain in foot dorsum, toe spasms, headache, edema of limbs, general body pain without fixed location, leg paralysis, hyper-tension, and hotness in sole of foot.
(24) Zuqiaoyin (GB 44):
Location: This is 0.1 cun beside the lateral corner of nail of 4th toe (Fig. 2-35).
Indications: Migraine, eye pain, pain in flank, febrile diseases, hiccups, cough with dyspnea, tinnitus, and dreaminess.
(25)
Location: In a depression between lateral malleolus and heel tendon (Fig. 2-36) :