According to modern studies, pumpkin seeds can expel tapeworms and ascaris, and kill blood fluke. As proved by experiments, a 40 % decoction of seed powder of pumpkin or a 30 % extract can paralyze the middle and posterior segments of beef and pork tapeworms.
Besides vitamin C and carotin, watermelons also contain apple sugar, glucose and some minerals, and the skin and pulp of watermelons can produce a diuretic and hypotensive effect.
The content of vitamin C in white gourds is as high as 16 mg %, and they also contain a small amount of protein, sugar and sodium salts. Because of the low content of sodium salts, it can be used to promote urination and resolve edema in patients of nephritis. This is similar to the experience obtained in the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine.
Bitter gourds contain glycoside, 5-serotonin and many amino acids. A reducing blood sugar effect produced by bitter gourds was found in animal experiments, but the blood sugar level of diabetic patients could not be reduced in clinical trials.
As proved by pharmacological studies, ficus tikauas contain poisonous substances, a group of derivatives of rotenone, which can kill fish and insects. The seeds and leaves of ficus tikauas contain another similar poisonous substance, glycoside of pachyrhizus erosus. Both rotenone and this glycoside are toxic to the central nervous system, more remarkably to the respiratory center in the brain. Theadministration of this gourd in a large quantity may directly attack the heart and cause bradycardia, and the patient may suffer from nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, fever and even convulsions, coma and respiratory failure in severe cases. Cucumbers contain glucose, fructose, xylose, rutin, vitamin B2 and vitamin C.
The bitter taste in cucumbers is due to the presence of cucurbitacin A, B, C and D. Cucurbitacin C, with a low toxicity, shows an antitumorigenic effect in animal experiments, so that it is useful for the preparation of antineoplastic.
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