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TCM Expert Diagnosis Diarrhea Has New Breakthrough(A)
Specific diagnosis is based on careful examination of the diarrhea material for polymorphonuclear cells and bacteria and, if indicated, for parasites. This is best accomplished at sigmoidoscopy prior to preparation with a cleansing enema. Cotton swabs should not be used in making slides, as both polymorphonuclear cells and parasites cling to cotton. The presence of polymorphonuclear cells indicates an inflammatory process. Rectal biopsy prove helpful, particularly when entamoeba histolytica is being considered and there is colitis. These studies should be performed prior to barium studies and treatment.

Treatment in Western medicine.
Culture for bacterial pathogens and examination of several stools for polymor phonuclear cells and parasites must be done before barium studies or treatment are begun.
Correct physiologic changes induced by diarrhea
Acid-base disturbance, fluid loss.
Electrolyte depletion.
Malnutrition, vitamin deficiencies.
Psychogenic disturbances.

Diet
For acute severe diarrhea. Food should be withheld for the first 24 hours or restricted to clear liquids--a physiologic glucose and salt solution, sipped slowly as needed to replace large fluid and electrolyte losses, may be especially useful in patients with severe watery diarrhea. Frequent small soft feedings are added as tolerated.

For chronic diarrhea. Chronic diarrhea is due to many causes. Nutritional disturbances range from none to marked depletion of electrolytes, water, protein, fat and vitamins. Treat specific disease when known. Give fat soluble vitamins when steatorrhea is present. Some patients are so ill that they require parenteral hyperali mentation, sometimes at home.

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