The study, conducted at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and Ben Gurion University in Beer Sheba, Israel, followed 322 obese patients who were randomly assigned to a low-fat diet, a low-carb diet or a third eating plan, a Mediterranean diet, which includes lean protein and vegetables, along with lots of olive oil and nuts.

After two years, the longest follow-up of any diet study to date, the diets varied in terms of weight loss results.

While low-fat dieters lost an average of 7.3 pounds over the two-year period, those following the Mediterranean diet shed 10.1 pounds. The low-carb dieters peeled off the most weight, losing an average of 12.1 pounds.

The study, conducted at Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston and Ben Gurion University in Beer Sheba, Israel, followed 322 obese patients who were randomly assigned to a low-fat diet, a low-carb diet or a third eating plan, a Mediterranean diet, which includes lean protein and vegetables, along with lots of olive oil and nuts.

After two years, the longest follow-up of any diet study to date, the diets varied in terms of weight loss results.
While low-fat dieters lost an average of 7.3 pounds over the two-year period, those following the Mediterranean diet shed 10.1 pounds. The low-carb dieters peeled off the most weight, losing an average of 12.1 pounds.

The low-carb diet makes you feel fuller and it's more satiating, so you're not as hungry," Stampfer said. "That means it's easier to stick to that diet long term."

And perhaps the most surprising: people on the low-carb diet, even after two years of dining on meat and cheeses and eggs, did not have increased cholesterol levels. In fact, it actually lowered the cholesterol numbers of study participants.

"A low-carb diet, by giving up pasta, and bread, and potatoes, lowers insulin levels in the body," Dr. Eric Westman of Duke University said. "And when there's less insulin, the body produces less harmful cholesterol."

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