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Clarification Of Confused Species
To probe into the genuine origin and clarify any confusion of species are the aim of investigation. It's not uncommon that, in Tibetan materia medica, there are many bearing the same title or a single herb bearing many titles. The reasons for this confusion are manifold. In ancient Tibetan literature, the morphological features were rather simple and some may even have involved mysterious conditions, which have been interpreted differently by various scholars; since the Plateau is a very vast area, and communication was very inconvenient in ancient time, the species of a single herb applied in different locations were hard to unify. Terminalia Chebula is a very prominent example.

According to literature, based on the top of its tree, the chebula was given different names from different directions, each title being subdivided into three types: superior, intermediate, inferior. Moreover, further nomenclatures were given to the fruit tip and its stalk. As a result, chebula has over 30 different names. Bashagar is another herb with multiple titles. The original herb is a branch of Adhatoda Vesica. However, the application of this herb in different places was substituted by many other herbs, including Veronica Ciliata, Veronica Eriogyne, Veronica Himalensis, Corydalis Ophiocarpa, in Tibet; Corydalis Pauciflora, Corydalis Raddeana, Corydalis Stricata, Veronica Serpyllifolia in western Sichuan; VeronicaViloba, Corydalis Sibirica, Dracocephalum Oeralescens in Qinghai; Veronica Lanuginosa, Dianthus Superbus in southern Gansu; Corydalis Dephinioides in northwestern Yunnan. In addition, Mongolian traditional doctors also use Rhododendron Molle, Bupleurum spp. and Agrimonia Pilosa as substitutes. The above includes seven families and 20 species.

Distribution of Originally Imported Materia Medica
Formerly, altogether 40 species of herbs in Tibetan materia medica were imported from India, Nepal, Pakistan, Viet Nam, and Thailand. But it is clear that all are also now produced in China, including Yunnan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian, and that they have been exploited and utilized for years.Among them are Terminalia Bellirica, Phyllanthus Emblica, Syzygium Cumini, Gossampinus Malabarica, Butea Monosperma, Emblica Ribes f., Emblica Roubusta, Aegle Marmelos, Adhatada Vasica, Adhatada Ventricosa, Tinospora Cordfolia, Tinospora Sinensis, Piper Longum, Swertia Franchetiana, Swertia Mussotti, Strychnos Nuxvomica, Entada Phaseoloides, Mangifera Indica, Cassia Fistula, Mucuna Semprevirens, Herpetospermum Caudigerum, Holarrhena Antidysenterica, Caesalpinia Crista, Cuminum Cyminum, Nigella Sativa, Capsicum Frutescens and Rhamnella Gilgitica.

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