Spirit refers to the general manifestations of life activities, including mental states and mental activities.
The material base of spirit is essence. The congenital essence depends on the cereal nutrients to nourish and promote as well as the normal visceral functions to protect. That is why the spirit is said to be the external manifestations of the conditions of visceral essence. Inspection of spirit can enable one to understand whether the essence is exuberant or deficient and whether the visceral functions are strong or weak. Such an understanding is important to the analysis as whether the pathological conditions are light or serious and whether the prognosis is benign or malignant.
Inspection of spirit mainly focuses on the examination of the mental states and emotional conditions, including facial expressions, complexion, eye expressions, speech,breath, physical conditions and response to the external stimulation, etc. Since the visceral essence infuses upward into the eyes and the ocular system is connected with the brain, and also because the eye is the orifice related to the liver, governed by the heart and housing the spirit the inspection of eye expressions is very important. Inspection of spirit means, by examining of the aspects mentioned above, to differentiate whether the spirit is in existence, deficient, lost, false or in disorder for the purpose of deciding whether the healthy qi is abundant or deficient, the visceral functions are strong or weak, the pathological conditions are light or serious and the prognosis is benign or malignant.
Existence of spirit
The manifestations are mental consciousness, normal vitality, natural facial expressions, ruddy complexion,flexible eyes with brightness and vitality, accurate verba expression and reply, normal voice and breath, normal and natural movement of the limbs. These manifestations suggest non-impairment of healthy qi, normal visceral functions, mild pathological conditions, or favourable prognosis even for serious diseases.|
Lack of spirit, also known as insufficiency of spirit
The manifestations are mental consciousness,dispiritedness, pale complexion, dull expressions of eyes, short of breath, no desire to speak and low voice. These manifestations suggest mild consumption of healthy qi, weak visceral functions, more serious disease and better prognosis. These manifestations are usually seen in patients at the rehabilitating stage or with weak constitution.
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