The unity of opposites-negative and positive (yin and yang)-is the most fundamental thought in Chinese classical philosophy. The Book of Changes says that the changes in all things in the universe are the manifestations of the interaction between yin and yang. It also says that the mystical and unpredictable changes in things in the world are the inevitable outcome of the interrelationship between yin and yang. A number of concepts have thus derived from this notion. The opposites, such as motion and stillness, hard and soft, advance and retreat, open and close, flexion and extension, tension and relaxation, high and low, displayed in Taiji Quan are all manifestations of the changes of yin and yang. The relations between hardness and softness, stillness and motion, yin and yang, are merely an expression of the principle of unity of opposites in different forms. They are opposed to each other, but they are complementary to and interdependent upon each other. In his book On Taiji Quan, Wang Zongyue wrote that Taiji Quan is based on the changes resulting from the relations between motion and stillness, yin and yang.
"From Wuji to Taiji." The idea of "'Wuji" (poleless) was indicated by a circle with a blank space inside in ancient China. This symbol represented the chaos (or the primeval state of the universe before the earth was first separated from the heaven, yin from yang). Embodied in Taiji Quan, this principle is the boxing stance in which the mind and the body are integrated in one before the movements begin, before the primeval state fraught divides into yin and yang. The Taiji Diagram is a circle, but as the lines of movement in Taiji Quan are concerned, most are planes,or small circles, big circles, ovals, semi-circles, arcs and spirals. The movements must be continuous and smooth. They are apparently bent, but actually not, or they are apparently closed, but actually not. The continuity of circles and arcs is the image of Wuji.
Therefore, Taiji Quan enthusiasts must be broadminded and free from distracting thoughts. Their minds must be like the boundless universe, quiet and empty. "From Wuji to Taiji" is the fundamental notion and quintessence of Taiji Quan. Taiji Quan calls for the use of an energy stream to guide the movements of the body under the direction of the circular form. The circles include both the inner and the outer: (1) Inner circle--the flow of the energy stream should be smooth and natural; be sure not to hold the breath; (2) Outer circle--this refers to the orbit for the circular movement of the limbs and torso. Circular movements are the product of intensive research into the philosophical principles outlined in the Book of Changes by Chinese Taiji Quan masters of past dynasties. They are the quintessence of the practising method for Taiji Quan.
Traditional Chinese philosophy stresses the harmonious unity between Man, Nature and the universe. Taiji Quan has absorbed this philosophical thought. In practising the boxing, stress is laid on uprightness, relaxation, ease, comfort, slowness, softness, lightness and erectness. The essential points required for the different parts of the body are: head upright, chest drawn in, straight back, shoulders lowered, elbows down, abdomen and waist relaxed, buttocks tucked in, crotch round, knees released and light footwork. It should be noted that these points show precisely the harmonious agreement and conformity between Taiji Quan and Nature.
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