In the 7th century AD, the Tang Princess Wencheng brought a large number of doctors and healers from the center of Tang rule to Tibet when she married the Tubo king Songtsan Gamho. Moreover, Songtsan Gambo had also invited doctors from India and Nepal to Tibet and arranged for them to edit and arrange many great volumes of medical classics. Thus the traditional medicine as practiced on the Qinghai-Tibetan plain became heavily influenced by two outside forces. By the end of the 8th century AD, Four Volumes of Medical Works, the foundation stones of Tibetan medicine, had been completed. The links between Tibetan medicine and surrounding cultures is clearly evident in this great work. For thousands of years, Tibetan medicine has absorbed the most essential elements of medical knowledge and practice from India, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Its unique diagnoses and treatments of a number of diseases distinguish it from other traditional ethnic medicines in China. Tibetan medicine is an absolute cultural treasure not j ust of China, but of the world.
Mongolian traditional medicine has absorbed the essential theories of Tibetan, Han and ancient Indian medicine, during the course of its long period of development. In so doing Mongolian medicine has evolved into a highly distinctive and unique medical culture. After the founding of the Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368 AD) by Mongolian nobles, the Mongolians came into much closer contact with the other ethnic minorities of the Chinese lands especially the Han and Tibetan peoples. Contact with Europe, the various Arab countries and India was also relatively widespread and frequent. This contact influenced greatly the development of all facets of traditional Mongolian medicine. In the 14th century, the theories of ancient Indian medicine began to be circulated in Mongolian areas. The Four Volumes of Medical Works, the great masterpiece of Tibetan medicine, was also in widespread circulation. Another great Tibetan Buddhist work, the Danggyur, which was translated into Mongolian in the 17th century, played an integral role in the development of Mongolian medicine. Mongolian medicine absorbs the basic theories of Tibetan medicine and combines them with the original traditional medicine of Mongolia. In many ways it is similar to Tibetan medicine in terms of theory and prescription.
The Dai people are concentrated in an area close to the southwestern border of China. Dai culture and medicine are closely related to Buddhist culture. Hinayana was created in ancient India and spread into the Dai region of China in the 7th century. Utilizing the Pali pronunciation system, the ancient Dai language was created using the alphabetical system of India. Sutras written on shells in the ancient DDai language became the earliest shell sutras. It is said there were 84,000 volumes of sutras, which recorded many folk tales and medical stories to say nothing of the famous Hinayana Classics. The theory and basis of Dai medicine was formulated after Hinayana culture spread throughout the Dai region.
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