Listening to the patient's voice can be useful. A loud, penetrating voice tends to suggest an excess condition, whereas a quiet voice k" more indicative of a deficient condition. Talking too much can sometimes be a sign of Heat, whereas on the other hand an unwillingness to talk suggests the presence of Cold.

In a similar manner, the sound of the person's breathing can suggest an excess or a deficient condition.

Tbe extent to which practitioners engage actively in smelling their patients is likely to be limited-especially in Western cultures, but some general points can he made. The presence of a strong unpleasant smell tends to suggest the presence of Heat, whereas no smell at all usually suggests cold. If the urine and feces are foul-smelling this suggests the presence of Heat and possibly also of Damp.